An Introduction to Calendering Machines

Calendering machines are classified according to the number of rolls into two-roll, three-roll, four-roll, and five-roll calenders. Based on the arrangement of the rolls, they can be further categorized into L‑type, T‑type, F‑type, Z‑type, and S‑type configurations. A standard calender typically comprises roll cylinders, a frame, a roll gap adjustment mechanism, a roll temperature control system, a drive transmission assembly, a lubrication management system, a control and information system, and a roll‑removal device. In addition to the components and systems found in conventional calenders, precision calenders incorporate supplementary features that ensure high‑precision calendering, such as pressure‑holding systems and bearing clearance‑adjustment mechanisms.

Calendering machine features:

1. The design features a simple, clean structure and is easy and convenient to operate.

2. A variety of speed and gear ratio options are available, enabling compliance with diverse formulations and process requirements.

3. Both the frame and the base are welded structures; in addition to stress-relief treatment, they undergo annealing, resulting in a sleek and elegant appearance.

4. The reducer features Class 6 precision, with hardened gear surfaces produced by grinding; its gears offer long service life and low noise levels.

5. A comprehensive emergency stop configuration ensures the highest level of safety for both personnel and equipment during operation.

6. Specially designed sealing structure to prevent oil leakage;

7. The calender uses rolling bearings;

8. The rollers are made of alloy chilled cast iron (LTG-H), equipped with a swivel joint, and feature a surface finish of Ra 0.8 or better, delivering medium load capacity; hollow and drilled rollers are available as options.

9. The single-output-shaft gear design employs a Chinese-style herringbone gear, ensuring smooth transmission and allowing key‑less adjustment of various speed ratios.

10. Equipped with multiple deflection compensation options for user selection, covering aspects such as height, reverse curvature, and shaft intersection;

11. Users can select from various levels of electronic control systems, including bus-based control systems, PLC-based control systems, and conventional control systems.

12. The single-output-shaft transmission structure eliminates the large and small drive gears;

13. A flexible and versatile design management system that can swiftly meet the specialized structural design requirements articulated by corporate clients.

14. By configuring various auxiliary machines according to the information needs of different users, a coordinated production line can be established.

What are the key components of a calender’s structure? Below, we’ll take a brief look together.

1. In the roller heating system, plasticization of the product material is achieved through circulating heat-transfer oil or resistive heating, with process temperature maintained within a constant range.

2. The calendering system consists of roller bearings, rollers, a frame, and a support structure, and it is the primary component of the calendering system.

3. The lubrication system comprises a gear pump, oil delivery lines, a coolant circulation water line, an oil filtration screen, and a temperature display. Additionally, the system is equipped with an oil cooler to regulate oil temperature rise and ensure the drum’s normal operation.

4. The electrical control system manages the roller motor, controls start/stop operations and adjusts rotational speed, while also ensuring information security and power supply.

5. The drive system comprises components such as the motor, coupling, gearbox, and universal joint; the speed ratio is adjusted in accordance with the product’s process requirements to achieve calendering.